history of the city Bronnitsy
22:08 28.01.2011
history of the city Bronnitsy
history of the city Bronnitsy
amazing features have Internet access. I posted on the website Encyclopedia Svyatogorye »( http://infosvyat.ru ) reported that, as in the 19 th century was created Kokmansky distillery, the master of which from 1862 became the first guild merchant Ivan Kononov, an honorary citizen Bronnitsky - that is a resident of a small town Bronnitsy, which is south of Moscow, just an hour's drive from the capital. Now in its 19,000 population.
And one - my publication notice in the museum of the city. It prepares to celebrate 230 years of Bronnitsy county collect different materials on the city's past. And the past it has been wonderful. Since he was not far from the capital, lived here Many famous people. For example, John Leo, Decembrist and one of the poet Alexander Pushkin. Major contribution to the development of the city and have direct descendants Pushkin - the eldest son of Alexander Pushkin (from 1862 to 1866 - a conciliator in Bronnitsky county) and especially his grandson - Alexander Jr. Grandson of the poet in 1890 was land captains, and from 1897 to 1916 - chairman of the county district council, is buried in Bronnitsy, it is a monument. In Bronnitsy also buried Decembrist MA Fonvizin.
But the city was known and its trading estate. It plays an important role first guild merchant Alex Kononovich Kononov. For reference, I note that the guild merchant was determined by its level of financial capital. First Guild - the most wealthy merchants, who had no less than 50,000 rubles a full-length money at that time (1807). For comparison - in Glazov merchants were no higher than two guilds.
Here's how evolved biography merchants Kononov, which I was told the museum director Bronnitsy Natalia Pavlyukova. Just say, biography of his son and grandson of Pushkin, of course, know much better than the rich Merchant:
- All residents and guests, visiting our main attraction, Cathedral Square, saw the burial of the walls of the church icons Jerusalem Mother of God. On his tombstone inscription: "Kononov Alexey Kononovich. Honorary Citizen Bronnitskaya 1 st guild merchant. He died in 1862, 72 years old. Wife Tatiana Filippovna died in 1858, 72 years, 5 months, 10 days. In marriage 53 years, 11 months, 21 days. "
In census tales for 1834 on Kononov said: "Alex Kononovich Kononov, 46, transferred from the Moscow merchants, in 1831 His wife Tatiana Filippovna, aged 45, from bills of sale. "
Officially Kononov, Sr. enlisted in the Bronnitsky merchants in 1831, but already, at least, in 1829 he lived or frequented in Bronnitsy.
This is evidenced in the book of searches Church Cathedral of the Archangel Michael in 1829, where a representative Brides Moscow merchant recorded the third guild Alex Kononov, as has his own signature. (Book searches Church, which preceded the wedding and certify the conditions for marriage. The book was entered information about rank, status, religion, place of residence of the married couple, aged, mentally health, there is no relationship between the bride and groom, the number of previous marriages, the voluntary consent of the spouses and their parents.)
the index villages and residents of the Moscow province in 1852 is the record that the city lives Bronnitsy freeman AK Kononov. Charity Kononov, Sr. distributed mainly in the church. Here and in the manufacturing of the biggest bell weighing 1,051 pood, and Riza on the icon of the Mother of God of Jerusalem, chandeliers with candlesticks for the church in Jerusalem icon of Our Lady, repair the church of the Archangel Michael and many others. One can assume that the charity Kononov spread and secular life of the city, just not yet found the documents.
urban legend in Kononov had no children, and he vowed to help church in every way if he would have a son. Son was not born, but he found Foster, whose esteemed mother. (The one Ivan, bought in 1862, after the death of his adoptive father, Kokmansky plant. - Author's Note). Subsequently, at the behest
father and son at the behest of the heart Ivan also became a major benefactor city, and one of the chapels of the church of Our Lady of the Assumption, at his request was named senior Aleksey Kononov Chapel, the man of God. Unfortunately, Currently there is no information where it resided Kononov, but exactly what they were mailing the hotel and one of the best restaurants with her on the street, Arkhangelsk in the 50-ies XIX century.
Ivan Kononov, Jr. was also the first guild merchant, churchwarden of the cathedral church. Several deadlines Ivan was a member of from Bronnitsy County in Moscow Zemstvo collection - from 1868 to 1877. Statement of merchants who received the certificate of the city Bronnitsy to 1869, listed Ivan Kononov and his two sons - Michael - 12 years old and Alexander - 5 years. In 1899, among homeowners Kononov's not a number. Trace them in Bronnitsy lost after 1880. His photographs in the museum there ...
Here are the data reported from the museum Bronnitsy. On the Internet, and I, and Natalia Pavlyukova found that the activity Кононова-младшего выходила за пределы этого города. Оказывается, ему принадлежало большое по меркам того времени предприятие по выпуску пива и других спиртных drinks in the current of the Penza region, where in 1862 he donated 5,000 rubles for opening a girls' school. And in that same year, bought a distillery in Kokmane, which, when it was the most productive among the similar enterprises in Vyatka province! Permanent staff here were few, but the processing season Grain hire up to 200 people. Finished products are sent from Astrakhan to the Archangel. Recall, these were years of rapid economic recovery after abolition of serfdom. The merchants then surely intercept the initiative from the nobility, comes to the fore in many areas of Russian life.
plant order time technically well equipped, have not forgotten about the working Luda: in Kokmane opened the first in the Krasnogorsk district hospital: hospital a pharmacy where there was a paramedic. In the 70 years immediately acted Zemstvo school. But the stone church was allowed to build before Kononov, but when it opened in 1863. Construction It took only three years - an unprecedented short period for such facilities.
's pace grew while Kokmansky plant. Imagine a small village in the Ural taiga, where the grain imported for 50-100 miles from just south district of Kazan province, because it, in the midst of forests, grain grown a little bit. Well, that was near the Siberian highway - the main business artery of the time at which all were brought and taken away.
a mystery to me - there are Does he Kokmane Kononov? Indeed, in his time we had no railways, the main transport - the horse. You go to them for a few days of Kazan, or any wharf in Vyatka, while getting at in the wilderness. Simply go there instead of a clerk, a sort of confidant. But the merchants of the time, it seems, long distance is not a hindrance. We know that even the local farmers under the supervision of experienced traders in the winter transports went to Kazan for fish and other goods. What can we say about the merchant of the first guild - he probably has ever been, and looked like the case put on its profitability. I do not believe that without the will and the oversight host opened a pharmacy school, they built a church.
note that the plant experienced distillers were invited from among the Volga Germans, as described in archival reference. Engineer at the plant worked Austrian Leonard Knipper, the father of the great Soviet actress Olga Knipper-Chekhova, the archive references mentioned no names - An engineer, a Prussian citizen of Vienna. " Reliably known that in the eyes Knipper Leonard moved it from Cockman, when the production of alcohol here for some reason stopped and the plant became glass and at least until 1891 belonged to the heirs have IA Kononov.
But where did he go by the time Ivan himself A.? Internet suggests that in 1863 he bought a house in St. Petersburg on Bolshaya Morskaya Street - four floors, huge in size. And most likely, where he lived. According to documents held as a trader jewelry. In the early 20 th century in a house rented the apartment, one of them shot the Krupskaya. There were even meeting of the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks with Lenin. True, it's hard to say that the house then belonged to "our" Kononov or have his heirs. While preparing
material, Natalya to find in a museum in Moscow photograph Kononov. It is already an elderly man with a big beard. This merchant 19 centuries!
Here such a convoluted story involves the life of a merchant from Moscow region.
Anatoly Goncharov.
0 comments:
Post a Comment